Electrospray (in-house development, TSI)

In addition to pneumatic atomization, there is another droplet synthesis method capable of producing droplets down to the nanometer range. In electrospray, a capillary is subjected to high voltage; as the liquid jet exits the nozzle, it breaks up into many small, highly charged droplets that are monodisperse under certain conditions. The spraying process itself is limited by the material properties of the precursor solution (such as electrical conductivity and surface tension).